VotePredictor

Rankings

Congress over the past decade — the 114th–119th (2015–present) — ranked. By default these lists show members currently in office; tick Include former members to fold in everyone who has served since 2015. Overall lean uses DW-NOMINATE; fiscal and civil-liberties leans use the compass's economic and authority axes; hot-button and per-issue lists use vote scores — all derived from roll-call votes.

Donald Trump (R) — President

Scored from stated positions (Voteview presidential DW-NOMINATE): +0.40 — more conservative than 61% of the members who served this past decade; he'd slot in around #380 of 973most conservative. (He casts no roll-call votes, so he isn't on the compass, issue, or quiz views.)

The extremes

Most conservative

Overall lean (DW-NOMINATE)

  1. 1
    Pat Harrigan
    R · NC-10 · House
    +0.97
  2. 2
    Tommy Tuberville
    R · AL · Senate
    +0.94
  3. 3
    Richard McCormick
    R · GA-7 · House
    +0.89
  4. 4
    Mike Lee
    R · UT · Senate
    +0.89
  5. 5
    Eric Schmitt
    R · MO · Senate
    +0.88
  6. 6
    Rand Paul
    R · KY · Senate
    +0.88
  7. 7
    Ralph Norman
    R · SC-5 · House
    +0.86
  8. 8
    Josh Brecheen
    R · OK-2 · House
    +0.84
  9. 9
    Andrew S. Clyde
    R · GA-9 · House
    +0.83
  10. 10
    Keith Self
    R · TX-3 · House
    +0.82

Most liberal

Overall lean (DW-NOMINATE)

  1. 1
    Sylvia R. Garcia
    D · TX-29 · House
    -0.76
  2. 2
    Elizabeth Warren
    D · MA · Senate
    -0.74
  3. 3
    Maxine Waters
    D · CA-43 · House
    -0.66
  4. 4
    Sean Casten
    D · IL-6 · House
    -0.63
  5. 5
    Yvette D. Clarke
    D · NY-9 · House
    -0.61
  6. 6
    Pramila Jayapal
    D · WA-7 · House
    -0.61
  7. 7
    Lateefah Simon
    D · CA-12 · House
    -0.60
  8. 8
    Janice D. Schakowsky
    D · IL-9 · House
    -0.60
  9. 9
    Lauren Underwood
    D · IL-14 · House
    -0.60
  10. 10
    Bonnie Watson Coleman
    D · NJ-12 · House
    -0.59

Most fiscally conservative

Economic axis (free-market)

  1. 1
    Mike Lee
    R · UT · Senate
    +0.63
  2. 2
    Rand Paul
    R · KY · Senate
    +0.60
  3. 3
    Rick Scott
    R · FL · Senate
    +0.59
  4. 4
    Chip Roy
    R · TX-21 · House
    +0.54
  5. 5
    Tommy Tuberville
    R · AL · Senate
    +0.53
  6. 6
    Ted Cruz
    R · TX · Senate
    +0.51
  7. 7
    Ralph Norman
    R · SC-5 · House
    +0.50
  8. 8
    James E. Risch
    R · ID · Senate
    +0.49
  9. 9
    Josh Hawley
    R · MO · Senate
    +0.49
  10. 10
    John Kennedy
    R · LA · Senate
    +0.48

Most fiscally liberal

Economic axis (state / redistribution)

  1. 1
    Darline Graham
    R · SC · Senate
    -1.00
  2. 2
    Mark Kelly
    D · AZ · Senate
    -0.71
  3. 3
    Jon Ossoff
    D · GA · Senate
    -0.71
  4. 4
    Raphael G. Warnock
    D · GA · Senate
    -0.69
  5. 5
    John Fetterman
    D · PA · Senate
    -0.67
  6. 6
    Alex Padilla
    D · CA · Senate
    -0.67
  7. 7
    John W. Hickenlooper
    D · CO · Senate
    -0.65
  8. 8
    Tina Smith
    D · MN · Senate
    -0.65
  9. 9
    Tammy Baldwin
    D · WI · Senate
    -0.64
  10. 10
    Richard J. Durbin
    D · IL · Senate
    -0.64

Crossing the aisle

Members who break from their party — ranked by how far they lean toward the other side.

Most liberal Republicans

Overall lean (DW-NOMINATE)

  1. 1
    Susan M. Collins
    R · ME · Senate
    +0.12
  2. 2
    Brian K. Fitzpatrick
    R · PA-1 · House
    +0.14
  3. 3
    Kimberlyn King-Hinds
    R · MP · House
    +0.16
  4. 4
    Christopher H. Smith
    R · NJ-4 · House
    +0.18
  5. 5
    Michael Lawler
    R · NY-17 · House
    +0.19
  6. 6
    Thomas H. Kean, Jr.
    R · NJ-7 · House
    +0.20
  7. 7
    Lisa Murkowski
    R · AK · Senate
    +0.20
  8. 8
    Andrew R. Garbarino
    R · NY-2 · House
    +0.24
  9. 9
    David P. Joyce
    R · OH-14 · House
    +0.25
  10. 10
    Nick LaLota
    R · NY-1 · House
    +0.25

Most conservative Democrats

Overall lean (DW-NOMINATE)

  1. 1
    Marie Gluesenkamp Perez
    D · WA-3 · House
    -0.10
  2. 2
    Jared F. Golden
    D · ME-2 · House
    -0.11
  3. 3
    Josh Gottheimer
    D · NJ-5 · House
    -0.17
  4. 4
    Laura Gillen
    D · NY-4 · House
    -0.17
  5. 5
    Eugene Simon Vindman
    D · VA-7 · House
    -0.17
  6. 6
    John Fetterman
    D · PA · Senate
    -0.18
  7. 7
    Scott H. Peters
    D · CA-50 · House
    -0.19
  8. 8
    Jim Costa
    D · CA-21 · House
    -0.20
  9. 9
    Bradley Scott Schneider
    D · IL-10 · House
    -0.20
  10. 10
    Josh Riley
    D · NY-19 · House
    -0.20

Least fiscally conservative Republicans

Economic axis (state / redistribution)

  1. 1
    Darline Graham
    R · SC · Senate
    -1.00
  2. 2
    Ryan Mackenzie
    R · PA-7 · House
    +0.03
  3. 3
    Addison P. McDowell
    R · NC-6 · House
    +0.08
  4. 4
    Jimmy Patronis
    R · FL-1 · House
    +0.08
  5. 5
    Mark B. Messmer
    R · IN-8 · House
    +0.08
  6. 6
    Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr.
    R · PA-8 · House
    +0.08
  7. 7
    Brian K. Fitzpatrick
    R · PA-1 · House
    +0.10
  8. 8
    Craig A. Goldman
    R · TX-12 · House
    +0.10
  9. 9
    Susan M. Collins
    R · ME · Senate
    +0.10
  10. 10
    Jefferson Van Drew
    R · NJ-2 · House
    +0.10

Most fiscally conservative Democrats

Economic axis (free-market)

  1. 1
    Aisha Wahab
    D · CA-14 · House
    +0.03
  2. 2
    Everton Blair Jr.
    D · GA-13 · House
    -0.01
  3. 3
    Donald G. Davis
    D · NC-1 · House
    -0.06
  4. 4
    Marie Gluesenkamp Perez
    D · WA-3 · House
    -0.13
  5. 5
    Adam Gray
    D · CA-13 · House
    -0.14
  6. 6
    Henry Cuellar
    D · TX-28 · House
    -0.16
  7. 7
    Sarah McBride
    D · DE · House
    -0.27
  8. 8
    Laura Gillen
    D · NY-4 · House
    -0.27
  9. 9
    Jim Costa
    D · CA-21 · House
    -0.29
  10. 10
    Gabe Vasquez
    D · NM-2 · House
    -0.30

Beyond left–right

The compass's authority axis (personal freedom ↔ state control), plus who sits nearest the center of Congress.

Mavericks & loyalists

How far a member's 14-issue voting profile sits from their own party's median — who strays furthest, and who hugs the party line.

Hot-button issues

Per-issue lean scored from votes on each topic (−1 liberal ↔ +1 conservative).

Strongest gun-rights record

Guns (conservative)

  1. 1
    Nicholas J. Begich III
    R · AK · House
    +1.00
  2. 2
    Dan Sullivan
    R · AK · Senate
    +1.00
  3. 3
    Lisa Murkowski
    R · AK · Senate
    +1.00
  4. 4
    Dale W. Strong
    R · AL-5 · House
    +1.00
  5. 5
    Tommy Tuberville
    R · AL · Senate
    +1.00
  6. 6
    Katie Boyd Britt
    R · AL · Senate
    +1.00
  7. 7
    John Boozman
    R · AR · Senate
    +1.00
  8. 8
    Elijah Crane
    R · AZ-2 · House
    +1.00
  9. 9
    Juan Ciscomani
    R · AZ-6 · House
    +1.00
  10. 10
    Abraham J. Hamadeh
    R · AZ-8 · House
    +1.00

Strongest gun-control record

Guns (liberal)

  1. 1
    Shomari Figures
    D · AL-2 · House
    -1.00
  2. 2
    Yassamin Ansari
    D · AZ-3 · House
    -1.00
  3. 3
    Adelita S. Grijalva
    D · AZ-7 · House
    -1.00
  4. 4
    Mark Kelly
    D · AZ · Senate
    -1.00
  5. 5
    Lateefah Simon
    D · CA-12 · House
    -1.00
  6. 6
    Sam T. Liccardo
    D · CA-16 · House
    -1.00
  7. 7
    Luz M. Rivas
    D · CA-29 · House
    -1.00
  8. 8
    Laura Friedman
    D · CA-30 · House
    -1.00
  9. 9
    Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr.
    D · CA-31 · House
    -1.00
  10. 10
    Alex Padilla
    D · CA · Senate
    -1.00

Most anti-abortion

Abortion & reproductive rights (conservative)

  1. 1
    Nicholas J. Begich III
    R · AK · House
    +1.00
  2. 2
    Lisa Murkowski
    R · AK · Senate
    +1.00
  3. 3
    Barry Moore
    R · AL-1 · House
    +1.00
  4. 4
    Dale W. Strong
    R · AL-5 · House
    +1.00
  5. 5
    Elijah Crane
    R · AZ-2 · House
    +1.00
  6. 6
    Juan Ciscomani
    R · AZ-6 · House
    +1.00
  7. 7
    Abraham J. Hamadeh
    R · AZ-8 · House
    +1.00
  8. 8
    Kevin Kiley
    I · CA-3 · House
    +1.00
  9. 9
    Vince Fong
    R · CA-20 · House
    +1.00
  10. 10
    Jay Obernolte
    R · CA-23 · House
    +1.00

Most abortion-rights

Abortion & reproductive rights (liberal)

  1. 1
    Shomari Figures
    D · AL-2 · House
    -1.00
  2. 2
    Tom Cotton
    R · AR · Senate
    -1.00
  3. 3
    Yassamin Ansari
    D · AZ-3 · House
    -1.00
  4. 4
    Adelita S. Grijalva
    D · AZ-7 · House
    -1.00
  5. 5
    Lateefah Simon
    D · CA-12 · House
    -1.00
  6. 6
    Adam Gray
    D · CA-13 · House
    -1.00
  7. 7
    Kevin Mullin
    D · CA-15 · House
    -1.00
  8. 8
    Sam T. Liccardo
    D · CA-16 · House
    -1.00
  9. 9
    George Whitesides
    D · CA-27 · House
    -1.00
  10. 10
    Luz M. Rivas
    D · CA-29 · House
    -1.00

Most restrictionist on immigration

Immigration & border (conservative)

  1. 1
    Nicholas J. Begich III
    R · AK · House
    +1.00
  2. 2
    Dale W. Strong
    R · AL-5 · House
    +1.00
  3. 3
    Tommy Tuberville
    R · AL · Senate
    +1.00
  4. 4
    Katie Boyd Britt
    R · AL · Senate
    +1.00
  5. 5
    Juan Ciscomani
    R · AZ-6 · House
    +1.00
  6. 6
    Abraham J. Hamadeh
    R · AZ-8 · House
    +1.00
  7. 7
    Vince Fong
    R · CA-20 · House
    +1.00
  8. 8
    Jay Obernolte
    R · CA-23 · House
    +1.00
  9. 9
    Young Kim
    R · CA-40 · House
    +1.00
  10. 10
    Jeff Hurd
    R · CO-3 · House
    +1.00

Most pro-immigration

Immigration & border (liberal)

  1. 1
    Adelita S. Grijalva
    D · AZ-7 · House
    -1.00
  2. 2
    Alex Padilla
    D · CA · Senate
    -1.00
  3. 3
    John W. Hickenlooper
    D · CO · Senate
    -1.00
  4. 4
    Raphael G. Warnock
    D · GA · Senate
    -1.00
  5. 5
    Delia C. Ramirez
    D · IL-3 · House
    -1.00
  6. 6
    Angela D. Alsobrooks
    D · MD · Senate
    -1.00
  7. 7
    Analilia Mejia
    D · NJ-11 · House
    -1.00
  8. 8
    Christian D. Menefee
    D · TX-18 · House
    -1.00
  9. 9
    James R. Walkinshaw
    D · VA-11 · House
    -1.00
  10. 10
    Laura Friedman
    D · CA-30 · House
    -0.96

Every other issue

The extremes on the remaining topics — top five each way, scored from votes on each issue.

Most & least bipartisan bills

By agreement between the parties on the bill's main vote — Dem Yea% vs Rep Yea%.

Most bipartisan

Continuing Appropriations Act, 2016
D 714–0 · R 911–0 · 100% agree
✓ Signed into law2015-02-10

Highlights: This bill provides continuing FY2016 appropriations to federal agencies until December 11, 2015, or the enactment of specified appropriations legislation. It is known as a continuing resolution (CR) and preve…

Department of Veterans Affairs Budget Planning Reform Act of 2015
D 696–0 · R 928–0 · 100% agree
2015-03-24

Department of Veterans Affairs Budget Planning Reform Act of 2015 (Sec. 2) Directs the Secretary of Veterans Affairs (VA) to submit annually to Congress a Future-Years Veterans Program (Program) reflecting estimated expe…

Honor America's Guard-Reserve Retirees Act
D 641–0 · R 899–0 · 100% agree
2015-11-16

(This measure has not been amended since it was introduced. The expanded summary of the House reported version is repeated here.) Honor America's Guard-Reserve Retirees Act (Sec. 2) Any person who is entitled to retired…

Hamas Human Shields Prevention Act
D 662–0 · R 871–0 · 100% agree
2018-02-14

Hamas Human Shields Prevention Act (Sec. 3) This bill states that it is U.S. policy to condemn Hamas's use of human shields and act against those engaging in or supporting the use of human shields. (Sec. 4) The President…

Veterans Fair Debt Notice Act of 2017
D 678–0 · R 843–0 · 100% agree
2017-11-08

(This measure has not been amended since it was reported to the House on November 7, 2017. The summary of that version is repeated here.) Veterans Fair Debt Notice Act of 2017 (Sec. 2) This bill directs the Department of…

75th Anniversary of World War II Commemoration Act
D 650–0 · R 758–0 · 100% agree
✓ Signed into law2018-12-21

75th Anniversary of World War II Commemoration Act This bill directs the Department of Defense (DOD) to conduct a program to commemorate the 75th anniversary of World War II. The program may include activities and ceremo…

Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism Act
D 751–0 · R 657–0 · 100% agree
✓ Signed into law2019-01-11

Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism Act This bill establishes the Special Envoy for Monitoring and Combating anti-Semitism as an ambassador-rank official, appointed by the President, by and with the advice…

To amend the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act concerning the statute of limitations for actions to recover disaster or emergency assistance payments, and for other purposes.
D 627–0 · R 737–0 · 100% agree
2017-05-03

(Sec. 1) This bill amends the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act to prohibit any administrative action to recover any payment made to a state or local government for disaster or emergency ass…

Divided Families Reunification Act
D 738–0 · R 591–0 · 100% agree
2020-03-09

Divided Families Reunification Act This bill directs the Department of State to periodically report to Congress on its consultations with South Korea on potential opportunities to reunite Korean Americans with family in…

PPP and Bank Fraud Enforcement Harmonization Act of 2022
D 671–0 · R 630–0 · 100% agree
✓ Signed into law2022-06-08

PPP and Bank Fraud Enforcement Harmonization Act of 2022 This bill establishes a 10-year statute of limitations for criminal charges and civil enforcement against a borrower who engages in fraud with respect to a Paychec…

Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2017
D 587–0 · R 670–0 · 100% agree
✓ Signed into law2018-12-21

Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2017 This bill modifies the criteria for evaluating whether countries are meeting the minimum standards for combatting human trafficking. The President shall ensure t…

Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans Act of 2018
D 492–0 · R 713–0 · 100% agree
2018-06-25

This bill extends the presumption of service connection for certain diseases associated with herbicide exposure to veterans who served: (1) in the territorial seas of Vietnam between January 9, 1962, and May 7, 1975, or…

Least bipartisan (party-line)

Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency relating to "Community Reinvestment Act Regulations".
D 535–0 · R 0–398 · 0% agree
2020-06-29

This joint resolution nullifies a rule published on June 5, 2020, by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency within the Department of the Treasury. The rule generally revises the office's implementation of the Comm…

CHOICE Arrangement Act
D 0–412 · R 436–0 · 0% agree
2023-06-21

This bill generally provides statutory authority for certain health reimbursement arrangements and other alternative health insurance options for employers. TITLE I--ASSOCIATION HEALTH PLANS ACT This title provides statu…

Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act
D 440–0 · R 0–406 · 0% agree
2022-01-13

Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act This bill addresses voter registration and voting access, election integrity and security, redistricting, campaign finance, and voting rights. Specifically, the bill expands voter regis…

Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance".
D 0–386 · R 401–0 · 0% agree
2024-07-11

This joint resolution nullifies the final rule issued by the Department of Education titled Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance and published o…

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024
D 302–0 · R 0–316 · 0% agree
✓ Signed into law2023-09-20

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 DIVISION A--DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AUTHORIZATIONS TITLE I--PROCUREMENT This title authorizes appropriations for the acquisition or modification of various military i…

Protecting Health Care for All Patients Act of 2023
D 0–300 · R 305–0 · 0% agree
2024-02-07

Protecting Health Care for All Patients Act of 2023 This bill prohibits all federal health care programs, including the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program, and federally funded state health care programs (e.g., Me…

Pandemic is Over Act
D 0–269 · R 261–0 · 0% agree
2023-01-31

Pandemic is Over Act This bill terminates the COVID-19 public health emergency that was declared on January 31, 2020, on the date of the bill's enactment.

Cutting Green Corruption and Taxes Act
D 0–249 · R 211–0 · 0% agree
2024-03-22

Cutting Green Corruption and Taxes Act This bill repeals certain programs for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Specifically, it repeals the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund, which provides financial and technical assistan…

Secure America Act
D 0–224 · R 227–0 · 0% agree
2026-06-09

Secure America Act This act provides $70 billion in funding to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) through FY2029 for im…

Protecting Speech from Government Interference Act
D 0–217 · R 233–0 · 0% agree
2023-03-09

Protecting Speech from Government Interference Act This bill generally prohibits federal employees from censoring the speech of others while acting in an official capacity. Specifically, the bill prohibits employees of e…

Family and Small Business Taxpayer Protection Act
D 0–222 · R 217–0 · 0% agree
2023-01-09

Family and Small Business Taxpayer Protection Act This bill rescinds certain unobligated amounts made available to the Internal Revenue Service by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 for its enforcement activities and fo…

District of Columbia Judicial Nominations Reform Act of 2025
D 0–205 · R 219–0 · 0% agree
2025-09-17

District of Columbia Judicial Nominations Reform Act This bill terminates the District of Columbia (DC) Judicial Nomination Commission. Currently, the commission recommends to the President nominees for judges for DC's S…