Rankings
Congress over the past decade — the 114th–119th (2015–present) — ranked. By default these lists show members currently in office; tick Include former members to fold in everyone who has served since 2015. Overall lean uses DW-NOMINATE; fiscal and civil-liberties leans use the compass's economic and authority axes; hot-button and per-issue lists use vote scores — all derived from roll-call votes.
Scored from stated positions (Voteview presidential DW-NOMINATE): +0.40 — more conservative than 61% of the members who served this past decade; he'd slot in around #379 of 971most conservative. (He casts no roll-call votes, so he isn't on the compass, issue, or quiz views.)
The extremes
Most conservative
Overall lean (DW-NOMINATE)
- 1
+0.97Pat HarriganR · NC-10 · House - 2
+0.94Tommy TubervilleR · AL · Senate - 3
+0.92Brad KnottR · NC-13 · House - 4
+0.89Richard McCormickR · GA-7 · House - 5
+0.89Mike LeeR · UT · Senate - 6
+0.89Eric SchmittR · MO · Senate - 7
+0.88Rand PaulR · KY · Senate - 8
+0.85Ralph NormanR · SC-5 · House - 9
+0.84Mark HarrisR · NC-8 · House - 10
+0.84Josh BrecheenR · OK-2 · House
Most liberal
Overall lean (DW-NOMINATE)
- 1
-0.77Sylvia R. GarciaD · TX-29 · House - 2
-0.74Elizabeth WarrenD · MA · Senate - 3
-0.66Maxine WatersD · CA-43 · House - 4
-0.63Sean CastenD · IL-6 · House - 5
-0.61Pramila JayapalD · WA-7 · House - 6
-0.61Yvette D. ClarkeD · NY-9 · House - 7
-0.60Janice D. SchakowskyD · IL-9 · House - 8
-0.59Lauren UnderwoodD · IL-14 · House - 9
-0.59Bonnie Watson ColemanD · NJ-12 · House - 10
-0.59Emily RandallD · WA-6 · House
Most fiscally conservative
Economic axis (free-market)
- 1
+0.95Alan ArmstrongR · OK · Senate - 2
+0.68Eric SchmittR · MO · Senate - 3
+0.65Tommy TubervilleR · AL · Senate - 4
+0.64Mike LeeR · UT · Senate - 5
+0.61Rick ScottR · FL · Senate - 6
+0.60Katie Boyd BrittR · AL · Senate - 7
+0.59Pete RickettsR · NE · Senate - 8
+0.59Josh HawleyR · MO · Senate - 9
+0.56Jon HustedR · OH · Senate - 10
+0.56Bernie MorenoR · OH · Senate
Most fiscally liberal
Economic axis (state / redistribution)
- 1
-0.77Alex PadillaD · CA · Senate - 2
-0.77Raphael G. WarnockD · GA · Senate - 3
-0.76Mark KellyD · AZ · Senate - 4
-0.75Jon OssoffD · GA · Senate - 5
-0.70John W. HickenlooperD · CO · Senate - 6
-0.69Amy KlobucharD · MN · Senate - 7
-0.69Richard J. DurbinD · IL · Senate - 8
-0.69Ron WydenD · OR · Senate - 9
-0.68Elizabeth WarrenD · MA · Senate - 10
-0.67Kirsten E. GillibrandD · NY · Senate
Crossing the aisle
Members who break from their party — ranked by how far they lean toward the other side.
Most liberal Republicans
Overall lean (DW-NOMINATE)
- 1
+0.12Susan M. CollinsR · ME · Senate - 2
+0.14Brian K. FitzpatrickR · PA-1 · House - 3
+0.16Kimberlyn King-HindsR · MP · House - 4
+0.18Christopher H. SmithR · NJ-4 · House - 5
+0.19Michael LawlerR · NY-17 · House - 6
+0.20Thomas H. Kean, Jr.R · NJ-7 · House - 7
+0.20Lisa MurkowskiR · AK · Senate - 8
+0.24Andrew R. GarbarinoR · NY-2 · House - 9
+0.25David P. JoyceR · OH-14 · House - 10
+0.25Nick LaLotaR · NY-1 · House
Most conservative Democrats
Overall lean (DW-NOMINATE)
- 1
-0.10Marie Gluesenkamp PerezD · WA-3 · House - 2
-0.11Jared F. GoldenD · ME-2 · House - 3
-0.16Laura GillenD · NY-4 · House - 4
-0.17Josh GottheimerD · NJ-5 · House - 5
-0.17Eugene Simon VindmanD · VA-7 · House - 6
-0.18John FettermanD · PA · Senate - 7
-0.19Scott H. PetersD · CA-50 · House - 8
-0.20Jim CostaD · CA-21 · House - 9
-0.20Bradley Scott SchneiderD · IL-10 · House - 10
-0.20Josh RileyD · NY-19 · House
Least fiscally conservative Republicans
Economic axis (state / redistribution)
- 1
-0.64James GallagherR · CA-1 · House - 2
-0.07Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr.R · PA-8 · House - 3
-0.03Clay FullerR · GA-14 · House - 4
-0.02Jimmy PatronisR · FL-1 · House - 5
-0.01Matt Van EppsR · TN-7 · House - 6
-0.01Gabe EvansR · CO-8 · House - 7
-0.01Michael A. RulliR · OH-6 · House - 8
+0.00Mark B. MessmerR · IN-8 · House - 9
+0.00Jeff HurdR · CO-3 · House - 10
+0.01Brian K. FitzpatrickR · PA-1 · House
Most fiscally conservative Democrats
Economic axis (free-market)
- 1
-0.06Donald G. DavisD · NC-1 · House - 2
-0.15Henry CuellarD · TX-28 · House - 3
-0.22Adam GrayD · CA-13 · House - 4
-0.24Marie Gluesenkamp PerezD · WA-3 · House - 5
-0.25Nikki BudzinskiD · IL-13 · House - 6
-0.26Greg LandsmanD · OH-1 · House - 7
-0.26Gabe VasquezD · NM-2 · House - 8
-0.27Jim CostaD · CA-21 · House - 9
-0.29Jared F. GoldenD · ME-2 · House - 10
-0.29Brittany PettersenD · CO-7 · House
Beyond left–right
The compass's authority axis (personal freedom ↔ state control), plus who sits nearest the center of Congress.
Most pro–civil-liberties
Authority axis (personal freedom)
- 1
-0.66Analilia MejiaD · NJ-11 · House - 2
-0.65Christian D. MenefeeD · TX-18 · House - 3
-0.64Lateefah SimonD · CA-12 · House - 4
-0.63Adelita S. GrijalvaD · AZ-7 · House - 5
-0.62Emily RandallD · WA-6 · House - 6
-0.62Maxine DexterD · OR-3 · House - 7
-0.61Bernard SandersI · VT · Senate - 8
-0.60Yassamin AnsariD · AZ-3 · House - 9
-0.60Kirsten E. GillibrandD · NY · Senate - 10
-0.57Edward J. MarkeyD · MA · Senate
Most authoritarian
Authority axis (state control)
- 1
+0.95James GallagherR · CA-1 · House - 2
+0.78Ron JohnsonR · WI · Senate - 3
+0.76John CornynR · TX · Senate - 4
+0.76John ThuneR · SD · Senate - 5
+0.75John HoevenR · ND · Senate - 6
+0.75John BarrassoR · WY · Senate - 7
+0.75James E. RischR · ID · Senate - 8
+0.74Mike CrapoR · ID · Senate - 9
+0.74Roger F. WickerR · MS · Senate - 10
+0.74John BoozmanR · AR · Senate
Most moderate
Closest to center (DW-NOMINATE)
- 1
-0.10Marie Gluesenkamp PerezD · WA-3 · House - 2
-0.11Jared F. GoldenD · ME-2 · House - 3
+0.12Susan M. CollinsR · ME · Senate - 4
+0.14Brian K. FitzpatrickR · PA-1 · House - 5
+0.16Kimberlyn King-HindsR · MP · House - 6
-0.16Laura GillenD · NY-4 · House - 7
-0.17Josh GottheimerD · NJ-5 · House - 8
-0.17Angus S. King, Jr.I · ME · Senate - 9
-0.17Eugene Simon VindmanD · VA-7 · House - 10
-0.18John FettermanD · PA · Senate
Mavericks & loyalists
How far a member's 14-issue voting profile sits from their own party's median — who strays furthest, and who hugs the party line.
Biggest mavericks
Furthest from own party's median
- 1
+3.27Susan M. CollinsR · ME · Senate - 2
+3.01Jared F. GoldenD · ME-2 · House - 3
+3.01Marie Gluesenkamp PerezD · WA-3 · House - 4
+2.88Donald G. DavisD · NC-1 · House - 5
+2.45Henry CuellarD · TX-28 · House - 6
+2.32Lisa MurkowskiR · AK · Senate - 7
+2.15Laura GillenD · NY-4 · House - 8
+1.95Brian K. FitzpatrickR · PA-1 · House - 9
+1.94Thomas MassieR · KY-4 · House - 10
+1.91Chris PappasD · NH-1 · House
Most party-line
Closest to own party's median
- 1
+0.10Brian BabinR · TX-36 · House - 2
+0.10Charles J. "Chuck" FleischmannR · TN-3 · House - 3
+0.10Barry LoudermilkR · GA-11 · House - 4
+0.11Virginia FoxxR · NC-5 · House - 5
+0.11Bruce WestermanR · AR-4 · House - 6
+0.11Gary J. PalmerR · AL-6 · House - 7
+0.11Mike KellyR · PA-16 · House - 8
+0.12Eric A. "Rick" CrawfordR · AR-1 · House - 9
+0.12Steve ScaliseR · LA-1 · House - 10
+0.12Trent KellyR · MS-1 · House
Hot-button issues
Per-issue lean scored from votes on each topic (−1 liberal ↔ +1 conservative).
Strongest gun-rights record
Guns (conservative)
- 1
+1.00Nicholas J. Begich IIIR · AK · House - 2
+1.00Dan SullivanR · AK · Senate - 3
+1.00Lisa MurkowskiR · AK · Senate - 4
+1.00Dale W. StrongR · AL-5 · House - 5
+1.00Katie Boyd BrittR · AL · Senate - 6
+1.00Tommy TubervilleR · AL · Senate - 7
+1.00John BoozmanR · AR · Senate - 8
+1.00Elijah CraneR · AZ-2 · House - 9
+1.00Juan CiscomaniR · AZ-6 · House - 10
+1.00Abraham J. HamadehR · AZ-8 · House
Strongest gun-control record
Guns (liberal)
- 1
-1.00Shomari FiguresD · AL-2 · House - 2
-1.00Yassamin AnsariD · AZ-3 · House - 3
-1.00Mark KellyD · AZ · Senate - 4
-1.00Lateefah SimonD · CA-12 · House - 5
-1.00Sam T. LiccardoD · CA-16 · House - 6
-1.00George WhitesidesD · CA-27 · House - 7
-1.00Luz M. RivasD · CA-29 · House - 8
-1.00Laura FriedmanD · CA-30 · House - 9
-1.00Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr.D · CA-31 · House - 10
-1.00Derek TranD · CA-45 · House
Most anti-abortion
Abortion & reproductive rights (conservative)
- 1
+1.00Nicholas J. Begich IIIR · AK · House - 2
+1.00Barry MooreR · AL-1 · House - 3
+1.00Dale W. StrongR · AL-5 · House - 4
+1.00Elijah CraneR · AZ-2 · House - 5
+1.00Juan CiscomaniR · AZ-6 · House - 6
+1.00Abraham J. HamadehR · AZ-8 · House - 7
+1.00Vince FongR · CA-20 · House - 8
+1.00Jay ObernolteR · CA-23 · House - 9
+1.00Young KimR · CA-40 · House - 10
+1.00Jeff HurdR · CO-3 · House
Most abortion-rights
Abortion & reproductive rights (liberal)
- 1
-1.00Shomari FiguresD · AL-2 · House - 2
-1.00Yassamin AnsariD · AZ-3 · House - 3
-1.00Greg StantonD · AZ-4 · House - 4
-1.00Adelita S. GrijalvaD · AZ-7 · House - 5
-1.00Josh HarderD · CA-9 · House - 6
-1.00Lateefah SimonD · CA-12 · House - 7
-1.00Adam GrayD · CA-13 · House - 8
-1.00Kevin MullinD · CA-15 · House - 9
-1.00Sam T. LiccardoD · CA-16 · House - 10
-1.00Ro KhannaD · CA-17 · House
Most restrictionist on immigration
Immigration & border (conservative)
- 1
+1.00Nicholas J. Begich IIIR · AK · House - 2
+1.00Barry MooreR · AL-1 · House - 3
+1.00Dale W. StrongR · AL-5 · House - 4
+1.00Elijah CraneR · AZ-2 · House - 5
+1.00Juan CiscomaniR · AZ-6 · House - 6
+1.00Abraham J. HamadehR · AZ-8 · House - 7
+1.00Vince FongR · CA-20 · House - 8
+1.00Young KimR · CA-40 · House - 9
+1.00Jeff HurdR · CO-3 · House - 10
+1.00Lauren BoebertR · CO-4 · House
Most pro-immigration
Immigration & border (liberal)
- 1
-1.00Adelita S. GrijalvaD · AZ-7 · House - 2
-1.00Maxine DexterD · OR-3 · House - 3
-1.00Christian D. MenefeeD · TX-18 · House - 4
-1.00James R. WalkinshawD · VA-11 · House - 5
-0.98Delia C. RamirezD · IL-3 · House - 6
-0.97Sam T. LiccardoD · CA-16 · House - 7
-0.96Yassamin AnsariD · AZ-3 · House - 8
-0.96LaMonica McIverD · NJ-10 · House - 9
-0.96Cleo FieldsD · LA-6 · House - 10
-0.96Kevin MullinD · CA-15 · House
Every other issue
The extremes on the remaining topics — top five each way, scored from votes on each issue.
Economy & labor
Healthcare
Environment & energy
Crime & policing
Defense & veterans
Foreign policy & trade
Civil rights & social
Education
Taxes & fiscal
Government & democracy
Most & least bipartisan bills
By agreement between the parties on the bill's main vote — Dem Yea% vs Rep Yea%.
Most bipartisan
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