VotePredictor
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Public Opinion Strategies

Graded against the actual result across 162 races (from 207 polls, through 2022).

Races polled
162
Polls
207
Avg miss
6.43 pts
Most recent
2022

Head-to-head vs the VotePredictor model

The fair, apples-to-apples test: on the 140 races Public Opinion Strategies actually polled, how its final poll's margin compared to what the VotePredictor model predicted for those same races.

ModelAvg miss (pts)Called right
Public Opinion Strategies6.8868%
VotePredictor4.2779%

VotePredictor aggregates all the pollsters, so it's expected to beat any single one on margin — that's the value of averaging. The honest comparison among forecasters is on the combined board.

Every race (162)

Each race Public Opinion Strategies polled, scored on its final poll — the call right before the vote — against the actual Dem−Rep result. Click a race for its full detail.

RaceTheir callResultMissCall
2022 CT-5 HouseD+2.0D+0.21.8
2020 CA-39 HouseR+1.0R+1.20.2
2020 IL-17 HouseD+6.0D+4.11.9
2020 NY-24 HouseR+8.0R+2.45.6
2020 TX-23 HouseD+1.0R+4.05.0
2020 US PresidentD+14.0D+4.49.6
2018 CA-45 HouseR+4.0D+4.18.1
2018 CA-49 HouseD+2.0D+12.810.8
2018 FL-16 HouseR+10.0R+9.10.9
2018 KY-6 HouseR+2.0R+3.21.2
2018 MI-8 HouseR+2.0D+3.85.8
2018 PA-1 HouseR+8.0R+2.55.5
2018 WV SenateD+1.0D+3.32.3
2016 IN GovernorEVENR+6.06.0
2016 CA-49 HouseR+9.0R+0.58.5
2016 CA-7 HouseR+5.0D+2.37.3
2016 IN-9 HouseR+2.0R+13.711.7
2016 MI-8 HouseR+18.0R+16.91.1
2016 WI-8 HouseR+11.0R+25.314.3
2016 IN PresidentR+11.0R+19.28.2
2016 NV PresidentD+6.0D+2.43.6
2016 IN SenateR+5.0R+9.74.7
2016 NV SenateR+3.0D+2.45.4
2014 NM GovernorR+19.0R+14.44.6
2014 RI GovernorEVEND+4.54.5
2014 GA-12 HouseD+2.0R+9.511.5
2014 IL-13 HouseR+19.0R+17.31.7
2014 KY-6 HouseR+19.0R+20.01.0
2014 NY-1 HouseEVENR+4.94.9
2014 NY-18 HouseEVEND+5.25.2
2014 NY-19 HouseR+26.0R+19.86.2
2014 NY-24 HouseD+3.0R+10.413.4
2014 KY SenateR+7.0R+15.58.5
2014 MN SenateD+7.0D+10.23.2
2014 NC SenateEVENR+1.61.6
2014 SD SenateR+24.0R+20.93.1
2012 CA-24 HouseR+1.0D+10.211.2
2012 FL-18 HouseR+11.0D+0.611.6
2012 IL-17 HouseR+7.0D+6.613.6
2012 KY-6 HouseD+3.0R+3.96.9
2012 MI-3 HouseR+14.0R+8.45.6
2012 NH-1 HouseR+8.0D+3.811.8
2012 NY-19 HouseR+10.0R+0.89.2
2012 NY-21 HouseD+2.0D+5.03.0
2012 NY-27 HouseR+7.0D+0.87.8
2012 OH-6 HouseR+8.0R+6.51.5
2012 PA-12 HouseR+2.0R+3.51.5
2012 TN-4 HouseR+13.0R+11.51.5
2012 UT-4 HouseR+15.0D+0.315.3
2012 VA-2 HouseR+22.0R+7.714.3
2012 WI-1 HouseR+25.0R+11.513.5
2012 WI-7 HouseR+11.0R+12.31.3
2012 M2 PresidentR+5.0D+8.613.6
2012 MN PresidentR+1.0D+7.78.7
2012 NE PresidentR+18.0R+21.83.8
2012 NM PresidentD+8.0D+10.12.1
2012 NV PresidentEVEND+6.76.7
2012 NE SenateR+16.0R+15.50.5
2012 NM SenateEVEND+5.75.7
2012 NV SenateR+5.0R+1.23.8
2012 OH SenateR+1.0D+6.07.0
2010 FL GovernorR+4.0R+1.12.9
2010 MA GovernorR+7.0D+6.413.4
2010 MN GovernorEVEND+0.40.4
2010 NM GovernorR+8.0R+6.71.3
2010 NV GovernorR+6.0R+11.75.7
2010 AL-2 HouseR+2.0R+2.20.2
2010 CA-47 HouseEVEND+13.713.7
2010 GA-2 HouseD+1.0D+2.91.9
2010 IL-17 HouseD+2.0R+9.611.6
2010 MA-10 HouseR+2.0D+4.56.5
2010 MA-6 HouseD+7.0D+13.96.9
2010 MI-3 HouseR+19.0R+22.23.2
2010 MN-8 HouseD+3.0R+1.64.6
2010 ND-1 HouseR+9.0R+9.80.8
2010 NM-1 HouseR+2.0D+3.65.6
2010 NY-20 HouseR+2.0R+1.50.5
2010 NY-23 HouseR+14.0D+4.718.7
2010 OH-6 HouseR+2.0R+5.03.0
2010 PA-12 HouseR+2.0D+7.79.7
2010 PA-4 HouseD+11.0D+1.69.4
2010 PA-7 HouseR+12.0R+11.01.0
2010 PA-8 HouseR+10.0R+7.03.0
2010 RI-1 HouseEVEND+6.06.0
2010 TN-4 HouseR+5.0R+18.513.5
2010 VA-2 HouseR+5.0R+10.75.7
2010 VA-5 HouseR+3.0R+3.80.8
2010 WI-7 HouseR+13.0R+7.75.3
2010 FL SenateR+24.0R+28.74.7
2010 NV SenateD+5.0D+5.70.7
2009 NY-20 HouseR+21.0D+0.921.9
2008 IN GovernorR+22.0R+17.84.2
2008 FL-13 HouseR+20.0R+18.02.0
2008 IL-11 HouseD+2.0D+23.921.9
2008 LA-4 HouseR+1.0R+0.40.6
2008 MN-6 HouseR+11.0R+3.08.0
2008 NC-8 HouseR+3.0D+10.813.8
2008 NH-2 HouseD+4.0D+15.011.0
2008 NV-3 HouseR+2.0D+5.17.1
2008 PA-3 HouseR+2.0D+2.54.5
2008 WI-8 HouseD+2.0D+8.16.1
2008 CO PresidentD+12.0D+9.03.0
2008 GA PresidentR+21.0R+5.215.8
2008 KS PresidentR+13.0R+15.02.0
2008 NH PresidentD+4.0D+9.65.6
2008 US PresidentR+3.0D+7.410.4
2008 CO SenateD+13.0D+10.32.7
2008 GA SenateR+9.0R+2.96.1
2008 KS SenateR+28.0R+23.64.4
2008 NH SenateD+3.0D+6.33.3
2008 OK SenateR+16.0R+17.51.5
2007 OH-5 HouseR+14.0R+14.10.1
2006 CO GovernorD+22.0D+16.85.2
2006 FL GovernorR+14.0R+7.16.9
2006 MD GovernorR+1.0D+6.57.5
2006 AZ-5 HouseR+14.0D+4.018.0
2006 CT-2 HouseR+7.0EVEN7.0
2006 FL-13 HouseR+3.0R+0.22.8
2006 NC-8 HouseR+16.0R+0.315.7
2006 NE-1 HouseR+22.0R+16.75.3
2006 NE-3 HouseR+27.0R+10.017.0
2006 NM-1 HouseR+2.0R+0.41.6
2006 OH-18 HouseD+2.0D+24.122.1
2006 PA-4 HouseR+12.0D+3.915.9
2006 PA-6 HouseR+12.0R+1.310.7
2006 PA-7 HouseR+19.0D+12.831.8
2006 MD SenateD+4.0D+10.06.0
2006 NJ SenateD+2.0D+16.014.0
2004 DE GovernorD+6.0D+5.10.9
2004 IL-11 HouseR+32.0R+17.314.7
2004 NY-13 HouseR+26.0R+14.012.0
2004 TX-19 HouseR+9.0R+18.49.4
2004 WA-8 HouseR+16.0R+4.811.2
2004 CO PresidentR+9.0R+4.74.3
2004 NC PresidentR+12.0R+12.40.4
2004 SC PresidentR+12.0R+17.15.1
2004 CO SenateD+6.0D+4.81.2
2004 KY SenateR+11.0R+1.39.7
2004 NC SenateD+1.0R+4.65.6
2004 SC SenateR+13.0R+9.63.4
2002 CA GovernorD+6.0D+4.91.1
2002 AZ-1 HouseR+12.0R+3.68.4
2002 GA-3 HouseD+7.0D+1.06.0
2002 IN-7 HouseD+5.0D+9.04.0
2002 LA-5 HouseR+9.0D+0.69.6
2002 ME-2 HouseR+6.0D+4.010.0
2002 NC-13 HouseD+7.0D+12.35.3
2002 NJ-5 HouseR+15.0R+21.26.2
2002 NV-3 HouseR+9.0R+18.89.8
2002 PA-13 HouseD+8.0D+3.64.4
2002 GA SenateD+2.0R+6.88.8
2002 IA SenateD+4.0D+10.46.4
2002 MN SenateD+0.2R+2.22.4
2002 NH SenateD+1.8R+4.46.2
2002 SD SenateR+0.1D+0.20.3
2000 NV PresidentD+1.0R+3.54.5
2000 PA PresidentR+2.0D+4.26.2
2000 US PresidentEVEND+0.50.5
2000 PA SenateR+22.0R+6.915.1
1998 CO GovernorR+4.0R+0.63.4
1998 IN-9 HouseR+10.0D+2.812.8
1998 NV SenateEVEND+0.10.1

Accuracy by time to election

24686–9 wk3–6 wk1–3 wk≤1 wkavg miss (pts)
Public Opinion StrategiesAll pollsters (field average)

Lower is better. Time to election runs right (election week) to left (~2 months out).

By the numbers

Time to electionPollsAvg missvs fieldCalled right
≤1 wk114.61+0.3364%
1–3 wk625.20+0.1366%
3–6 wk946.30+0.5664%
6–9 wk409.17+3.0273%

vs field is this pollster's average miss minus all pollsters' at the same lead time — green beats the field, redtrails it. Our historical polls reach ~2 months out; earlier polling isn't in the record.

Track record by cycle — getting better?

YearPollsAvg missLean (house effect)
199835.4R+5.4
200055.7R+3.9
2002225.6R+0.2
2004175.8R+1.9
20062110.6R+9.7
2008276.3R+5.2
2010345.7R+0.4
2012346.4R+5.7
2014154.9D+1.0
2016147.6D+4.0
201875.0R+4.6
202054.5D+2.2

Do we credit a pollster for fixing its bias? Each cycle, the model re-estimates every pollster's lean from all its earlier polls (walk-forward) and subtracts it before using the poll. We tested weighting recent cycles more — it doesn't help: a pollster's lean in one cycle barely predicts the next (correlation 0.28), so the swings above are mostly noise, and averaging over more history beats chasing the latest cycle. The all-time estimate we use came out within ~0.5% of the best option.